Indian language Alphabets
To learn Indian languages, first we learn the Indian language alphabets with their pronunciation in English and then learn the Indian language alphabets with words and their English pronunciation with images. Here we learn Tamil, Hindi, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Bengali, Punjabi, Marathi, Gujarati and Nepali Alphabets / letters such as vowels and consonants in one place with their pronunciation in English.
Read also: Common words used in daily life
Indian languages
Tamil - தமிழ்
Tamil letters / Tamil alphabets are known as Tamil Eluthukkal (தமிழ் எழுத்துக்கள்). Tamil letters have 12 vowels ( Uyireluttu – உயிரெழுத்து) and 18 consonants (Meyyeluttu – மெய்யெழுத்து). These 12 vowels and 18 consonants combined to form 216 letters. It is called Uyirmey eluttu (உயிர்மெய் எழுத்து). It has one special letter called Aayutha ezhuthu (ஆய்த எழுத்து). Totally, 12+18+216+1=247 letters.
According to the nature of sound, Consonants are classified into three groups. They are Vallinam (வல்லினம்), Mellinam (மெல்லினம்) and Idayinam (இடையினம்). Letters with hard sound are called Vallinam. Letters with soft sound are called Mellinam. Letters with medium sound are called Idayinam.
Hindi - हिंदी
Hindi letters / Hindi alphabets are known as Hindi Varnamala (हिंदी वर्णमाला). Hindi letters have 13 vowels and 37 consonants. Hindi vowels are known as Hindi Swar (स्वर) and Hindi consonants are known as Hindi Vyanjan (व्यंजन).
Telugu - తెలుగు
Telugu letters / Telugu alphabets are known as Telugu Aksharaalu (తెలుగు అక్షరాలు). Telugu letters have 16 vowels and 36 consonants. Telugu vowels are known as Achchulu (అచ్చులు) and Telugu consonants are known as Hallulu (హల్లులు).
Malayalam - മലയാളം
Malayalam letters / Malayalam alphabets are known as Malayalam aksaramala (മലയാളം അക്ഷരമല). Malayalam letters have 15 vowels and 36 consonants. Malayalam vowels are known as swaram (സ്വരങ്ങൾ) and Malayalam consonants are known as vyanjanam (വ്യഞ്ജനങ്ങൾ).
Kannada - ಕನ್ನಡ
Kannada letters / Kannada alphabets are known as Kannada Varnamalegalu (ಕನ್ನಡ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆಗಳು). Kannada alphabets are classified into three groups and it has 49 (13+2+34) letters.
• Swaragalu
• Yogavahagalu
• Vyanjanagalu
Kannada alphabets have 13 vowels and these vowels are known as Kannada Swaragalu (ಸ್ವರಗಳು). Kannada has 2 letters which are partly vowel and partly consonant. These 2 letters are known as Kannada Yogavahagalu (ಯೋಗವಾಹಗಳು). One of them is Anuswara and the other is Visarga.
Kannada alphabets have 34 consonants and these consonants are known as Kannada Vyanjanagalu (ವ್ಯಂಜನಗಳು). These consonants are classified into two groups.
• Structured Consonants
• Unstructured Consonants
Structured Consonants has 25 letters and is known as Vargeeya Vyanjanagalu (ವರ್ಗೀಯ ವ್ಯಂಜನಗಳು). Unstructured Consonants has 9 letters and is known as Avargeeya Vyanjanagalu (ಅವರ್ಗೀಯ ವ್ಯಂಜನಗಳು).
Bengali - বেঙ্গালি
Bengali letters / Bengali alphabets are known as Bengali Barnamala ( বেঙ্গালি বর্ণমালা ) or Bangla Bornomala (বাংলা বর্ণমালা). It has 50 (11+39) letters. Bengali alphabets have 11 vowels and these vowels are known as Shorborno (স্বরবর্ণ). Bengali alphabets have 39 consonants and these consonants are known as Benjonborno (ব্যঞ্জনবর্ণ).
Punjabi - ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
Punjabi letters / Punjabi alphabets are known as Punjabi Varnamala (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਰਣਮਾਲਾ). Based on the Indic script, Punjabi alphabets are called Gurmukhi Alphabets and based on Arabic script, Punjabi alphabets are called Shahmukhi Alphabets. Punjabi has 40 letters. Punjabi Alphabets have 10 vowels and 30 consonants. Punjabi vowels are known as Punjabi Swar and Punjabi consonants are known as Punjabi Vyanjan.
Marathi - मराठी
Marathi letters / Marathi alphabets are known as Marathi Mulakshare (मराठी मुळाक्षरे) / Marathi Varnamala (मराठी वर्णमाला) / Marathi Aksharmala (मराठी अक्षरमाला). Marathi letters have 15 vowels and 36 consonants. Marathi vowels are known as Marathi Swar (मराठी स्वर) and Marathi consonants are known as Marathi Vyanjan (मराठी व्यंजन).
Gujarati - ગુજરાતી
Gujarati Letters / Gujarati Alphabets are known as Gujarati Mulakshar (ગુજરાતી મૂળાક્ષર) / Gujarati Kakko (ગુજરાતી કક્કો) / Gujarati Varnamala. Gujarati Alphabets has 15 vowels and 34 consonants. Gujarati vowels are known as Gujarati Swar (ગુજરાતી સ્વર) and Gujarati consonants are known as Gujarati Vyanjan (ગુજરાતી વ્યંજન).
Nepali - नेपाली
Nepali letters / Nepali alphabets are known as Nepali Barnamala (नेपाली बर्णमाला) / Nepali Varnamala (नेपाली वर्णमाला). Nepali letters have 13 vowels and 37 consonants. Nepali vowels are known as Nepali Swar Barna (नेपाली स्वर बर्न) and Nepali consonants are known as Nepali Byanjan Barna (नेपाली ब्यानजन बर्ना).
Vowels and Consonants
Here we learn Tamil, Hindi, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Bengali, Punjabi, Marathi, Gujarati and Nepali vowels and consonants and their pronunciation in English.
VOWELS | |||||||||
TAM | HIN | TEL | MAL | KAN | BEN | PUN | MAR | GUJ | NEP |
அ a | अ a | అ a | അ a | ಅ a | অ oo | ਅ a | अ a | અ a | अ a |
ஆ aa | आ aa | ఆ aa | ആ aa | ಆ aa | আ aa | ਆ aa | आ aa | આ aa | आ aa |
இ i | इ e | ఇ i | ഇ i | ಇ i | ই e | ਇ i | इ i | ઇ i | इ e |
ஈ ii | ई ee | ఈ ee | ഈ ii | ಈ ii | ঈ ii | ਈ ii | ई ii | ઈ ii | ई ee |
உ u | उ u | ఉ u | ഉ u | ಉ u | উ ou | ਉ u | उ u | ઉ u | उ u |
ஊ uu | ऊ uu | ఊ oo | ഊ uu | ಊ uu | ঊ uu | ਊ uu | ऊ uu | ઊ uu | ऊ uu |
எ ae | ऋ ru | ఋ ru | ഋ r | ಋ ru | ঋ re | ਏ e | ऋ ru | એ e | ऋ ru |
ஏ aee | ए ye | ౠ roo | എ e | ಎ e | এ aa | ਐ ai | ए e | ઐ ai | ए ye |
ஐ ai | ऐ i | ఎ e | ഏ ee | ಏ ee | ঐ oi | ਓ o | ऐ ai | ઓ o | ऐ i |
ஒ o | ओ oo | ఏ ae | ഐ ai | ಐ ai | ও o | ਔ au | ओ o | ઔ au | ओ oo |
ஓ oo | औ aow | ఐ ai | ഒ o | ಒ o | ঔ au |
| औ au | અં am | औ aow |
ஔ auw | अं an | ఒ o | ഓ oo | ಓ oo |
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| अं am | અ: ah | अं an |
| अः aha | ఓ oa | ഔ au | ಔ au |
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| अः ah | ઋ ru | अः aha |
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| ఔ au | ആം am |
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| ॲ ae | ઍ ae |
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| అం am | ആ: a: |
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| ऑ oh | ઑ oh |
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| అః ah |
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Read also: A-Z Dictionary | Vocabulary | Quiz
CONSONANTS | |||||||||
TAM | HIN | TEL | MAL | KAN | BEN | PUN | MAR | GUJ | NEP |
க் ik | क ka | క ka | ക ka | ಕ ka | ক ko | ਕ ka | क ka | ક ka | क ka |
ங் ng | ख Kha | ఖ kha | ഖ kha | ಖ kha | খ kho | ਖ kha | ख kha | ખ kha | ख Kha |
ச் ch | ग Ga | గ ga | ഗ ga | ಗ ga | গ gp | ਗ ga | गं ga | ગ ga | ग Ga |
ஞ் eng | घ Gha | ఘ gha | ഘ gha | ಘ gha | ঘ gho | ਘ gha | घ gha | ઘ gha | घ Gha |
ட் it | ङ nga | ఙ Gna | ങ nga | ಙ na | ঙ ingo | ਙ na | ङ nga | ઙ nna | ङ nga |
ண் inn | च cha | చ cha | ച ca | ಚ ca | চ cho | ਚ ca | च ca | ચ cha | च cha |
த் ith | छ chha | ఛ Cha | ഛ cha | ಛ cha | ছ so | ਛ cha | छ cha | છ chha | छ chha |
ந் inth | ज ja | జ ja | ജ ja | ಜ ja | জ jo | ਜ ja | ज ja | જ ja | ज ja |
ப் ip | झ jha | ఝ jha | ഝ jha | ಝ jha | ঝ ingo | ਝ jha | झ jha | ઝ jha | झ jha |
ம் im | ञ nja | ఞ ini | ഞ nya | ಞ na | ঞ iyo | ਞ na | ञ nja | ઞ naa | ञ nja |
ய் iy | ट Ta | ట Ta | ട tta | ಟ ta | ট tho | ਟ ta | ट Ta | ટ Ta | ट Ta |
ர் ir | ठ Tha | ఠ Tha | ഠ ttha | ಠ tha | ঠ to | ਠ tha | ठ Tha | ઠ Tha | ठ Tha |
ல் il | ड Da | డ Da | ഡ dda | ಡ da | ড dho | ਡ da | ड Da | ડ Da | ड Da |
வ் iv | ढ Dha | ఢ Dha | ഢ ddha | ಢ dha | ঢ do | ਢ dha | ढ Dha | ઢ Dha | ढ Dha |
ழ் izh | ण Na | ణ Na | ണ nna | ಣ na | ণ no | ਣ na | ण na | ણ hna | ण Na |
ள் izhl | त ta | త ta | ത ta | ತ ta | ত toh | ਤ ta | त ta | ત ta | त ta |
ற் ir | थ tha | థ tha | ഥ tha | ಥ tha | থ tho | ਥ tha | थ tha | થ tha | थ tha |
ன் in | द da | ద da | ദ da | ದ da | দ doh | ਦ da | द da | દ da | द da |
| ध dha | ధ dha | ധ dha | ಧ dha | ধ dho | ਧ dha | ध dha | ધ dha | ध dha |
| न na | న na | ന na | ನ na | ন kno | ਨ na | न na | ન na | न na |
| प pa | ప pa | പ pa | ಪ pa | প po | ਪ ba | प pa | પ pa | प pa |
| फ pha | ఫ pha | ഫ pha | ಫ pha | ফ fo | ਫ bha | फ pha | ફ pha | फ pha |
| ब ba | బ ba | ബ ba | ಬ ba | ব bo | ਬ pa | ब ba | બ ba | ब ba |
| भ bha | భ bha | ഭ bha | ಭ bha | ভ vho | ਭ pha | भ bha | ભ bha | भ bha |
| म ma | మ ma | മ ma | ಮ ma | ম mo | ਮ ma | म ma | મ ma | म ma |
| य ya | య ya | യ ya | ಯ ya | য jo | ਯ ya | य ya | ય ya | य ya |
| र ra | ర ra | ര ra | ರ ra | র ro | ਰ ra | र ra | ર ra | र ra |
| ल la | ల la | റ rra | ಲ la | ল lo | ਲ la | ल la | લ la | ल la |
| व wa | వ va | ല la | ವ va | শ sho | ਵ va | व va | ળ lla | व wa |
| श sha | శ sa | ള lla | ಶ saa | ষ sha | ੜ ra | श sha | વ va | श sha |
| ष shha | ష Sa | ഴ llla | ಷ sha | স soo |
| ष shha | શ ssa | ष shha |
| स sa | స sha | വ va | ಸ sa | হ ho |
| स sa | ષ sha | स sa |
| ह ha | హ ha | ശ sha | ಹ ha | ড় ro |
| ह ha | સ sa | ह ha |
| क्ष ksh | ళ La | ഷ ssa | ಳ lla | ঢ় rho |
| ळ la | હ ha | क्ष ksh |
| त्र tra | క్ష ksha | സ sa |
| য় yo |
| क्ष ksha |
| त्र tra |
| ज्ञ gya | ఱ Ra | ഹ ha |
| ৎ to |
| ज्ञ jnya |
| ज्ञ gya |
| श्र sra |
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| ং am |
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| श्र sra |
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| ঃ ah |
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| ঁ amh |
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